教学素材 | 奥普拉•温弗瑞、苹果CEO、加拿大总理， 美国名校毕业典礼致辞哪家强？
本期素材包含视频及文本，材料涉及新闻传播、社交媒体、政治文化多样性、全球问题等主题，适用于视听说、口语、演讲、美国文化等课程。
关键词：news, journalism, communication,
social media, truth, politics, culture, leadership, change, 视听说，口语，演讲，美国文化。
每年的五月开始，美国大学就迎来毕业季，随之而来的是一年一度的美国大学毕业典礼荣誉之战，全美各大高校都会尽全力邀请各界大咖、知名校友等来担任毕业典礼的演讲嘉宾，既是为毕业生送上终身难忘的毕业礼物，也是彰显学校号召力、影响力的重要机会。
最近美国各大名校的演讲嘉宾陆续公布，不少学校的毕业典礼也陆续举办，从政界领袖、商业大咖到娱乐明星，美国大学的毕业典礼简直就是巨星见面会！
耶鲁大学
前美国国务卿 Hillary Clinton
纽约大学
加拿大总理 Justin Trudeau
杜克大学
苹果CEO Tim Cook
麻省理工学院
Facebook首席运营官 Sheryl Sandberg
南加州大学
脱口秀女王 Oprah Winfrey
哈佛大学
美国著名民权领袖 John Lewis
看过了这华丽的名单，
你一定很好奇
这些站在金字塔顶端的人生导师
到底和毕业生分享了哪些人生信条,
今天小编就和大家分享三位重磅嘉宾在三所名校毕业典礼上的精彩致辞。
南加州大学Annenberg新闻与传媒学院
Oprah Winfrey
谎言并不可怕，可怕的是没有人击碎它！
5月11日，全球媒体界领袖、慈善家、制片人兼演员奥普拉·温弗瑞（Oprah Winfrey）在南加州大Annenberg 新闻与传媒学院毕业典礼上发表了主题演讲,号召新闻与传媒学院的毕业生们在这个众声喧哗的时代不要停下追求真理的脚步。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=n0653n3p2kb&width=500&height=375&auto=0
关键词：news, journalism, communication,
social media, truth
演讲内容摘录
我们周围的一切，特别是互联网和社交媒体正在被用来削弱我们对机构的信任，干涉我们的选举，对我们的基础设施造成严重破坏。它让广告商更加了解我们内心深处的渴望，它让错误信息泛滥成灾、注意力时间变短，假网站的虚假报道出现在主流媒体上兜圈子。当我们盯着手机看时，就已经进入了不为人知的交易中。
Everything around us, including – and in particular, the internet and social media is now being used to erode trust in our institutions, interfere in our elections, and wreak havoc on our infrastructure. It hands advertisers a map to our deepest desires, it enables misinformation to run rampant, attention spans to run short and false stories from phony sites to run circles around major news outlets. We have literally walked into traffic while staring at our phones.
解决办法还是有的，解决办法就在你们每个人身上。因为你们会成为新的舆论信息的筛选者和传递者，一群追求真理的人，会用智慧武装自己，用洞察力和必要的事实武装自己，去打击谎言。
The good news is that there really is a solution. And the solution is each and every one of you. Because you will become the new editorial gatekeepers, an ambitious army of truth seekers who will arm yourselves with the intelligence, with the insight and the facts necessary to strike down deceit.
02
杜克大学
苹果CEO Tim Cook
不要安于现状，敢于不同‘凡’想！
5月13日，苹果公司CEO蒂姆·库克(Tim Cook)回到母校杜克大学发表毕业演讲。在毕业典礼上，Tim Cook谈到了气候变化、数据隐私、苹果使用可再生能源等许多话题，并号召毕业生们要让世界变得更美好。Tim Cook在演讲中再次提到了苹果创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Jobs)，提到了苹果那个著名的“Think Different”广告，呼吁毕业生们不要满足于现状，要向前看。
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=w0662wk3qxq&width=500&height=375&auto=0
关键词：change
演讲内容摘录
你们活在一个充满挑战的时代与世界。我们的国家现在存在严重的分歧，太多的美国人拒绝听取任何不同的意见。全球变暖将带来毁灭性的后果，但有人却否认这样的现实。我们的学校和社区都在遭受着严重的不平等待遇，不能保证每个学生都能接受良好的教育。但面对这些问题，我们并非无能为力，你们可以通过自己的努力去纠正它。
You enter the world at a time of great challenge. Our country is deeply divided—and too many Americans refuse to hear any opinion that differs from their own. Our planet is warming with devastating consequences—and there are some who deny it’s even happening. Our schools and communities suffer from deep inequality—we fail to guarantee every student the right to a good education. And yet we are not powerless in the face of these problems. You are not powerless to fix them.
没有哪一代人比你们拥有更强大的力量，没有哪一代人比你们能够更快地做出改变。我们现在实现目标的速度已经大幅缩短，在科技的帮助下，每个人都拥有建设一个更美好的世界的工具、潜能和能力。这是有史以来最好的时代，无论你选择如何对待自己的生活，也无论你将自己的激情燃烧在哪里。
No generation has ever held more power than yours. And no generation has been able to make change happen faster than yours can. The pace at which progress is possible has accelerated dramatically. Aided by technology, every individual has the tools, potential, and reach to build a better world. That makes this the best time in history to be alive whatever you choose to do with your life wherever your passion takes you.
我希望大家能好好利用自己的力量，这个世界远远要比你想象得更美好。其实我也并非总是能够清晰的看清自己，但我明白，人生最大的挑战就是拥有知道何时打破传统的智慧与勇气。不要只是一味的接受今天你所生活的世界，不要安于现状。没有无法突破的挑战，没有永远不会进步的人，敢于尝试不同的东西，要敢于“Think Different”。
I urge you to take the power you have been given and use it for good. Aspire to leave this world better than you found it. I didn’t always see life as clearly as I do now. But I’ve learned the greatest challenge of life is knowing when to break with conventional wisdom. Don’t just accept the world you inherit today. Don’t just accept the status quo. No big challenge has ever been solved, and no lasting improvement has ever been achieved, unless people dare to try something different. Dare to think different.
03
纽约大学
加拿大总理 Justin Trudeau
你想要赢得争论，还是想改变世界？
加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多(Justin Trudeau)在演讲中鼓励学生向不同信仰和价值观的人伸出双手，努力倾听不同的声音，成为跨越政治文化沟壑、拥抱多样性的领导者。他建议学生在思考如何影响未来时，问自己一个简单的问题：“你是想赢得争论，还是想改变世界？”
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=m0656y629u4&width=500&height=375&auto=0
关键词：politics, culture, diversity, leadership
演讲内容摘录
所谓领导者，一直以来都是能够号召大家为共同事业奋斗的人。“我们要建设一个新国家！我们要开战！我们要登月！”你通常需要说服或强制一个特定的群体跟随你，而最简单的做法就是通过渲染差异性：“他们的宗教信仰和我们不一样！他们说得语言和我们不一样！他们想做的和我们想做的不一样！”但在现在以及未来，我们最需要的领导者是能够团结所有人的领导者，能够团结不同的人为共同事业奋斗的领导者。
Leadership has always been about getting people to act in common cause. “We’re going to build a new country! We’re going to war! We’re going to the moon!” It usually required convincing, or coercing, a specific group to follow you. And the easiest way to do that has always been through tribal contrasts: “They believe in a different God! They speak a different language! They don’t want the same things as we do.” But the leadership we need most today and in the years to come is leadership that brings people together, that brings diversity to a common cause.
与之相对的是，最近甚嚣尘上的两极分化、激进的民族主义和身份政治。当然，要团结很难，分裂永远比团结容易得多。最重要的是，这需要真正的勇气，因为如果你想要让别人知道你的想法，你需要先让他们知道你愿意接受他们的想法，愿意在交流中改变你的想法，对他们的观点表示尊重，然后你才有更好的机会让他人真正聆听你的想法。无论结局如何，你将获得一次的真诚的交流，你们将深入了解彼此，而不是为了谁赢得了辩论或得分更多争得面红耳赤，你们最终都将因此变成更好的自己。
This is the antithesis of the polarization, the aggressive nationalism, the identity politics that have grown so common of late. It’s harder, of course. It’s always been easier to divide than unite. But mostly, it requires true courage. Because if you want to bring people around to your way of thinking, you need to first show them that you are open to theirs. That you are willing to enter into a conversation that might change your mind. Show respect for their point of view, and you have a better chance of actually having them listen to yours. And regardless of what happens, you will have had a genuine exchange that focused on understanding, not on winning a debate or scoring points. And you will both be improved for it.
我要明确一点：这不是对道德相对主义的认可，也不是所有观点都有效的宣言。女性割礼是错误的，不管多少代人实践过。人类的行为带来气候的改变是真实的，无论多少人想要否认。那么，问题来了：你是想要赢得争论、享受自己的辩解带来的优越感，还是你真正想要改变这些行为和信仰？有人曾指出，亚伯拉罕·林肯和杰弗逊·戴维斯之间的一大不同是戴维斯总想要赢得辩论，而林肯更想要赢得战争，这就是问题所在，你是想赢得争论还是想改变世界?
Let me be very clear: this is not an endorsement of moral relativism or a declaration that all points of view are valid. Female genital mutilation is wrong, no matter how many generations have practiced it. Anthropogenic climate change is real, no matter how much some folks want to deny it. But here’s the question: do you want to win an argument and feel good about how superior you are? Or do you actually want to change behaviors and beliefs? See, it’s been pointed out that one of the many differences between Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis was that Davis preferred to win a debate, while Lincoln would rather win the war. And that’s the question: Do you want to win an argument or do you want to change the world?
往期素材